How to pray qasr: step by step, with the niyyah and rak'ahs
How to pray the shortened prayer: the niyyah, rak'ahs for each prayer, Witr and sunnah, praying behind an imam, Jumu'ah and making up missed prayers.
Guides to the traveller's prayer
Clear explanations of qasr, combining prayers and the traveller's rules in each Sunni madhab and in Shia Ja'fari fiqh.
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The rules every traveller asks about, across all schools.
What is qasr namaz? The traveller's prayer explained
The meaning of qasr, its evidence in the Qur'an and Sunnah, which prayers are shortened, and where the schools of fiqh agree and differ.
How far is a shar'i journey? 48 miles, 4 burud and 8 farsakh explained
Why schools give qasr distances from 43 km to 92 km, how classical units like the mile, farsakh and barid convert, and which figure to use.
Where does travel begin? The city boundary, suburbs, and airport rulings
Scholarly consensus across Sunni and Shia schools on when qasr starts: exiting city boundaries (imarat al-balad), airport locations, motorways, and suburban transit.
Combining prayers while travelling: conditions, timings, and madhab comparisons
Complete guide to combining prayers (Jam' al-Taqdim & Jam' al-Ta'khir): Hanafi Jam' Suri, Shafi'i, Maliki, Hanbali, Salafi, and Shia Ja'fari rulings with step-by-step conditions.
Qasr on long stays: students, workers and uncertain trips
When does staying somewhere end your travel? The 4, 10 and 15-day rules, what happens when you don't know how long you'll stay, and the question of home.
Qasr during Umrah and Hajj: Makkah, Madinah, Mina and Arafat
Should pilgrims shorten prayers in Makkah and Madinah? Stay rules for Umrah packages, combining at Arafat, the Mina question and the Shia choice in the Haramayn.
Praying on a plane, at the airport and on trains: a traveller's guide
When qasr starts on a flight, how to pray on a plane or train, finding the qiblah in the air, prayer times across time zones, and combining to avoid it.
Sunni schools
Hanafi, Shafi'i, Maliki, Hanbali and Ahl-e-Hadith positions.
Qasr in the Hanafi madhab: distance, the 15-day rule and common mistakes
The Hanafi rulings on the traveller's prayer: 48 or 57.5 miles, the 15-day intention, why qasr is obligatory, praying behind an imam, and making up missed prayers.
Qasr in the Shafi'i madhab: two marhalah, the four-day rule and combining
Shafi'i rulings on shortening and combining prayer: the 81 to 89 km distance, the four-day stay excluding travel days, the 18-day rule, and the conditions for qasr.
Qasr in the Maliki madhab: four burud, confirmed sunnah, and stay rules
Comprehensive Maliki rulings on the traveller's prayer: 4 burud (48 miles / 80-89 km), qasr as a confirmed sunnah, the 20-prayer residency threshold, combining conditions, and primary citations.
Qasr in the Hanbali madhab: 16 farsakh, stay limits, combining, and Ibn Taymiyyah
Authoritative Hanbali rulings on the traveller's prayer: 16 farsakh (80 km), shortening as preferable (afdal), the 21-prayer residency rule, sunnah prayers, and primary texts.
Qasr in Salafi and Ahl-e-Hadith fiqh: textual proofs, urf, and distance thresholds
Scholarly rulings on qasr according to Salafi and Ahl-e-Hadith scholars: the 80 km threshold of the Permanent Committee, Ibn Taymiyyah's urf principle, and the 3-farsakh hadith.
Shia Ja'fari fiqh
Rulings of the Usuli maraji', including Ayatollah Sistani and Ayatollah Khamenei.
Qasr in Shia Ja'fari fiqh: 8 farsakh, the 10-day intention and the conditions of travel
Ja'fari rulings on the traveller's prayer with notes on Sistani and Khamenei: distance, talfiqi journeys, hadd al-tarakhkhus, 10 and 30 days, places of choice.